Jan 30 2009
Similes and Metaphores
Any creative writing course will tell you that the trick to creative writing is to make colorful and accurate descriptions that make the writing come to life, enabling the reader to mentally visualize what the writer is describing. Effective writing is therefore filled with adjectives and adverbs that attempt to enliven the words on the page, (or screen, as the case may be). While these descriptors can come in handy, they are not enough to create writing that crosses over from okay to excellent. In order to do that, the writer can also utilize comparative measures, through the use of similes and metaphors to help the reader to visualize what the author is trying to portray.
If adverbs and adjectives are the meat and potatoes of effect writing, the similes and metaphors are it’s bread and butter; some work just is not complete without them. Imagine if you can, the colorful characters of Chaucer without the similes that bring his brash and bawdy Wife of Bath or his brawny Miller, as well as the other colorful characters of The Canterbury Tales to life for us.
“She sat her gentle horse easily, and wore a fine headdress with a hat
as broad as a buckler or a shield, a riding skirt about her large hips, and a
pair of sharp spurs on her heels.” (1, 14, 46-50)
“His beard was as red as any sow or fox, and as broad as a spade. At the right
on top of his nose he had a wart, from which there grew a tuft of hair red
as the bristles of a sow’s ears, and his nostrils were wide and black…His
mouth was as huge as a large furnace and he was a jokester and a ribald clown,
most of whose jests were of sin and scurrility.” (1, 14, 58-65)
Or perhaps it would be easier to envision the sonnets of Shakespeare without the art of comparison that the use of metaphors affords him, as we see in Sonnet 73,
“Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.
In me thou seest the twilight of such a day
As after sunset fadeth in the west;
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death’s second self, that seals up in all the rest.” (2, 729, 3-8)
Without the use of similes and metaphors their work would not be the classic literature that it is. It would be instead, something dull and boring that did little to entice us to read it other than to lay lifeless on the page in front of us; Chaucer’s Wife would simply have ‘a big wide hat’ and the Miller would just have ‘some very red hair and a hairy wart, a big mouth and a lewd sense of humor’, while Shakespeare’s birds would ‘sing on bare branches’ and it would just get ‘very dark’. Without metaphors Emily Dickenson might never have written poetry at all, since a good portion of her work is so heavily packed with metaphor that there would be very little left, as can be seen in this brief poem titled Apparently with no surprise,
“Apparently with no surprise
To any happy Flower
The frost beheads it at its play—
In accidental power—
The blonde Assassin passes on—
The sun proceeds unmoved
To measure off another Day
For an approving God.” (2, 726)
If the truth be told, similes and metaphors can be difficult to master. A certain command of language is required to master the art of creating illusion with the written word through their use. I myself have always seen them as some what of a challenge. They do find their way into my writing, to be sure, but it is often difficult to find just the right circumstances that are totally analogous to the scene that I’m trying to portray. That can be a real challenge. One of the writer’s networks that I am a member of had a poetry group that posted a new theme each week and then the group members would each try to come up with a poem along that theme. One week the theme was prairie dogs. While I was tossing the idea around to see what I could come up with, a friend of mine, who is not a writer, was trying to write a poem for a class assignment. Her theme didn’t matter, but she needed to write a poem using similes and metaphors. “Why don’t you just write my poem for me. You’re a writer.”, she whined. Of course, I declined, but it got me thinking along those lines and I decided to make this my personal challenge and after deliberating on all of the imagery that came to mind when I thought of prairie dogs, I came up with a poem using similes and metaphors that had a prairie dog theme. The funny thing is that by using similes and metaphors the poem that I wrote was nothing at all like the cutesy little children’s poem that I had originally envisioned. The similes and metaphors had changed my poem into something totally different, almost by themselves, as you can see,
Prairie Dogs
By Kaye Lynne Booth
As I gaze out over the crater pocked moonscape of the prairie,
Tiny volcanoes erupt with overgrown chipmunks at unsuspecting intervals,
Like targets in a shooting gallery;Cute, cuddly deceptions of looming plague,
Spreading a potential for destructionAs certain as a flow of molten lava,
Through their maze of leg breaking burrows.
1. Reprinted in The Humanistic Tradition, 5th ed., Book 3, by Gloria K. Fiero,
London:Magraw Hill, 2006
2. Reprinted in Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems and Plays, 3rd ed., Hans P.
Guth and Gabriele Rico editors, New Jersey: Printice Hall, 2003.